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State v. Steelman9/13/1978
back to Tucson.
Steelman and Gretzler then made their way to Victor and Lodi in San Joaquin County, California. During this time, nine more people were murdered. Steelman and Gretzler were sought for the slayings and their pictures were published in California newspapers. In addition, the San Joaquin Sheriff's Office received word from the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office that the pair were wanted on robbery and homicide charges in Arizona. Warrants were later sent to Stockton, the county seat of San Joaquin County.
Meanwhile, Sacramento, California, authorities were tipped off that Steelman and Gretzler were staying in a hotel in Sacramento. Gretzler was arrested in a hallway of the hotel. Gretzler told the officers that Steelman could be found in a nearby apartment.
Officers went to the apartment and set up a command post communicating with Steelman by loudspeaker. Steelman was with the tenant of the apartment, a girl named Melinda. Steelman initially refused to surrender and continued to refuse even after he was put on the air over a local radio station. The officers then fired tear gas at the dwelling and Steelman emerged and was taken into custody on the Maricopa County warrants. During the afternoon, Steelman was transferred to Stockton on the San Joaquin charges. He was not arraigned until the following morning, 9 November, when an attorney was appointed. Intensive questioning by different law enforcement agencies about various unsolved crimes began at this time.
At the time the defendant was taken into custody, the Sandberg slayings were unknown to Pima County authorities. It was only after Pima County authorities were told that a car registered to Michael Sandberg had been in Steelman's possession at the time of his arrest that they went to the Sandberg apartment in Tucson where the bodies of Michael and Pat Sandberg were found. Fingerprints later determined to belong to Steelman and Gretzler were found in the apartment. The same day, Pima County officers went to Stockton to question Steelman and Gretzler.
After trial and conviction in California, Steelman and Gretzler were extradited to Arizona on the charges arising from the Armstrong kidnapping and the Sandberg slayings. Steelman was tried separately to a jury which convicted him on all counts. The facts were not seriously contested. The defense was insanity and the defendant, testifying in his own behalf, admitted most of the evidence of the commission of this and other crimes. On 27 August 1975, judgments were pronounced and sentences imposed. Defendant appeals from the judgments and sentences.
WHETHER THE DEFENDANT'S STATEMENTS SHOULD HAVE BEEN SUPPRESSED
During the two weeks following his arrest, defendant made numerous recorded
statements to police officers. After a lengthy suppression hearing, the court suppressed some of the statements on the ground that they had been obtained in violation of defendant's right to counsel. The trial court, however, held that statements made after 11:15 on 10 November 1973 were admissible. On appeal, Steelman claims that all of the statements should have been suppressed.
Steelman was brought to the Sacramento Police Station shortly before noon on 8 November 1973. At the suppression hearing, Steelman testified that questioning began as soon as he arrived. He claimed that he was strip-searched and then questioned about the Maricopa County charges for approximately one hour while in the nude. His response to the questioning was to assert his right to talk with a lawyer before answering any questions.
At approximately 2:30 p. m., Carl Ambro
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